The power supply of country houses, summer cottages or cottage settlements is often characterized by instability. The lines are worn out, interruptions from accidents or wire breaks occur much more often than we would like. It does not take much time to repair the damage, but even small intervals create a lot of inconvenience. The solution to the issue may be an installation capable of providing energy to the main consuming appliances.
DIY mini wind generator
The dimensions of the wind generator do not have to be amazing with their grandiosity. A small installation, created from small improvised parts or devices, is also capable of generating current. It can be used as a teaching tool for children, an emergency light source, a mobile phone battery charger, etc.
Expenses are reduced dozens of times, the efficiency is the same as that laid down when creating the project. As a trial model that allows you to work out the technology and gain some experience in creating such devices, a mini-wind generator can become. For manufacturing, you can use a variety of out-of-service or obsolete equipment.
Using an old computer cooler
For windmill manufacturing need a big cooler, it gives out top scores and convenient to work. First of all, you need to disassemble it. The sticker is removed, the plug and the retaining ring are removed. After that, the cooler can be easily disassembled along the rotation axis into two halves of approximately the same size.
One of them is a rotor, the blades of which will have to be changed to larger ones. To do this, the old blades are carefully broken off or cut off, new ones are made from a plastic bottle, about 4 times longer than the previous ones. It is most convenient to make three pieces, they will have a sufficient base area for strong gluing.
The stator has four windings. They can be left intact, or the number of turns can be changed. A thinner wire is taken and wound around everything in turn, moreover, in a different direction. The coils are connected accordingly.
After that, it is necessary to make a rectifier, for which four diodes are needed. They are connected in pairs in series, then in parallel. Wires are connected, the device is ready. To install it in the wind, you will need a stand or a small mast, which is easiest to make from cutting a metal tube. In order for the windmill to independently steer into the wind, you need a tail stabilizer, like an airplane tail.
To check the performance, a tester or an LED flashlight is attached.
Car battery charger
A small wind generator that can charge a car battery is a very practical and necessary device. It is necessary to provide a voltage that does not exceed the battery rating (usually 12 V), otherwise there will be a risk of overcharging and boiling the battery.
As a generator, you need homemade device corresponding capacity or ready asynchronous motor, tractor or car alternator capable of generating charge voltage. To protect against overcharging, you will need a controller based on an automotive relay-regulator that turns off the charge when too high voltage appears.
Camping wind turbine
Have camping windmill, which allows you to get the maximum comfort from being in nature, convenient and useful for every travel lover. The requirements for such a windmill are obvious:
- compactness
- the ability to quickly assemble or disassemble for transportation
- power that provides electricity to the necessary devices
You will need to make an impeller with detachable blades and a generator that produces sufficient power. The best option is a horizontal type, with propeller blades. The generator is best adapted from a car, it needs a little modernization (rewinding the coils) and installing magnets on the rotor (neodymium magnets are used to excite the windings).
In nature, it is enough to fix the device on a tree trunk or other suitable support and point it into the wind. For compactness, you can not make the device rotate around a vertical axis and adjust the position manually.
Windmill from a stepper motor from a printer
Stepper motors are capable of delivering 12 or more volts, but their current strength is low. The design does not allow strengthening their windings, therefore they are used as is. Blades of the appropriate size, made of polypropylene sewer pipes, are installed on the shaft. You will need to assemble a simple rectifier. Ordinary stepper motors in theory are capable of charging a mobile phone battery in a couple of days, but in practice this is very difficult to achieve; it can be used for lighting with LED flashlights.
Other possible options
For manufacture of a mini wind generator you can use any electric motors from household appliances. You can adapt the motor from the tape drive mechanism, from the old microwave oven (fan), different options for brush designs. All of them are low power and will not be able to provide any serious devices, but as trial models created with children and giving experience and understanding of the process, all of these options are fine.
Based on the knowledge and skill gained, a more efficient wind generator can be created that can meet the needs of a private house, transfer it to an autonomous power supply mode.
Wind is free energy! So let's use it for personal purposes. If the creation of a wind farm on an industrial scale is very expensive, because in addition to the generator it is necessary to carry out a number of studies and calculations, the state does not bear such expenses, and for some reason investors in the countries of the former USSR are not of particular interest. Then privately you can make a mini-windmill for your own needs. It should be understood that the project of converting your home to alternative energy is a very expensive undertaking.
As already mentioned: you need to make long-term observations and calculations in order to choose the optimal ratio of the sizes of the wind wheel and generator, suitable for your climate, wind rose and average annual wind speed.
The efficiency of a wind power plant within the same region can differ significantly, this is due to the fact that the movement of the wind depends not only on the climatic zone, but also on the terrain.
However, you can find out what wind energy is at a minimal cost by assembling a budget installation to power a low-power load, such as a smartphone, light bulbs or a radio. With the right approach, you can provide electricity to a small house or summer cottage.
Let's look at how you can make the simplest wind turbine with your own hands.
Low-power windmills from improvised means
A computer cooler is a brushless motor, which in its original form is of no practical value.
It needs to be rewound, since in the original the windings are connected in an inappropriate way. Winding coils alternately:
Clockwise;
Counterclock-wise;
Clockwise;
Counterclock-wise.
You need to connect adjacent coils in series, or even better, wind it with one piece of wire, moving from one groove to another. In this case, choose the thickness of the wire arbitrarily, it would be better if you wind as many turns as possible, and this is possible when using the thinnest wire.
The output voltage from such a generator will be variable, and its value will depend on the speed (wind speed), install a diode bridge from Schottky diodes to straighten it to a constant, ordinary diodes will do, but it will be worse, because. voltage will drop from 1 to 2 volts.
Lyrical digression, a little theory
Remember the value of the EMF is:
where L is the length of the conductor placed in a magnetic field; V - rotation speed magnetic field;
When upgrading the generator, you can only influence the length of the conductor, that is, the number of turns of each of the coils. The number of turns - determines the output voltage, and the thickness of the wire - the maximum current load.
In practice, it is impossible to influence the wind speed. However, there is also a way out of this situation, if you know the typical wind speed for your area, you can design a suitable screw for a wind turbine, as well as a gearbox or belt drive, to provide sufficient speed to generate the required voltage.
IMPORTANT: Faster does not mean better! If the rotation speed of the wind generator is too high, its resource will be reduced, the lubricating properties of the bushings or bearings of the rotor will deteriorate, and it will jam, and the breakdown of the winding insulation in the generator will most likely occur
The generator consists of:
We increase the power of the generator from a computer cooler
First, the more blades and wheel diameter, the better, so take a closer look at 120mm coolers.
Secondly, we have already said that the voltage also depends on the magnetic field, the fact is that high power industrial generators have excitation windings, and low power ones have strong magnets. The magnets in the cooler are extremely weak and do not allow good results from the generator, and the gap between the rotor and the stator is very large - about 1 mm, and this is with already weak magnets.
The solution to this problem is to radically change the design of the generator. Rather, only an impeller is required from the cooler; a motor from a printer or any other household appliance can be used as a generator. The most common are brushed motors with permanent magnet excitation.
As a result, it will look like this.
The power of such a generator is enough to power the LEDs, the radio. It will not be enough to recharge the phone, the phone will display the charging process, but the current will be extremely small, up to 100 amperes, with a wind of 5-10 meters per second.
Stepper motors as a wind generator
stepper motor very often found in computer and household appliances, in various players, floppy drives (old 5.25” models are interesting), printers (especially dot matrix), scanners, etc.
These motors without alterations can work as a generator, they are a rotor with permanent magnets, and a stator with windings, a typical connection diagram of a stepper motor in generator mode is shown in the figure.
The circuit has a 5 volt linear stabilizer, type L7805, which will allow you to safely connect mobile phones to such a windmill to charge them.
The photo shows a generator from a stepper motor with installed blades.
The engine in a particular case with 4 output wires, the diagram is accordingly for it. An engine with such dimensions in generator mode produces approximately 2 W in light wind (wind speed about 3 m / s) and 5 m / s in strong (up to 10 m / s).
By the way, here is a similar circuit with a zener diode, instead of L7805. Allows you to charge Li-ion batteries.
Refinement of a homemade windmill
To make the generator work more efficiently, you need to make a guide shank for it and fix it movably on the mast. Then, when the direction of the wind changes, the direction of the wind generator will change. Then the following problem arises - the cable going from the generator to the consumer will twist around the mast. To solve this, you need to provide a moving contact. A ready-made solution is sold on Ebay and Aliexpress.
The bottom three wires are motionless going down, and the upper bundle of wires is movable, a sliding contact or a brush mechanism is installed inside. If you do not have the opportunity to buy, be smart, and, inspired by the decision of the designers of the Zhiguli car, namely the implementation of the movable contact of the signal button on the steering wheel, and do something similar. Or use the contact pad from the electric kettle.
By connecting the connectors, you get a moving contact.
Powerful wind generator from improvised means.
For more power, you can use two options:
1. Generator from a screwdriver (10-50 W);
You only need a motor from a screwdriver, the option is similar to the previous one, you can use fan blades as a screw, this will increase the final power of your installation.
Here is an example of such a project:
Pay attention to how a gear overdrive is implemented here - the wind generator shaft is located in a pipe, at its end there is a gear that transmits rotation to a smaller gear mounted on the motor shaft. An increase in engine speed also occurs in industrial wind turbines. Reducers are used everywhere.
However, in a homemade environment, making a gearbox becomes a big problem. You can remove the gearbox from the power tool, it is needed there to lower high revs on the shaft of the collector motor to the normal speed of the cartridge on the drill, or the grinder disk:
The drill has a planetary gearbox;
An angle gearbox is installed in the angle grinder (it will become useful for the installation of some installations and reduce the load from the tail of the wind turbine);
Gearbox from a hand drill.
This version of a homemade wind generator can already charge 12 V batteries, but a converter is needed to generate the charging current and voltage. This task can be simplified by using a car generator.
The advantage of such a generator is the ability to use it for charging car batteries Basically, that's what it's designed for. Autogenerators have a built-in voltage regulator relay, which eliminates the need to buy additional stabilizers or converters.
However, motorists know that at low idling, approximately 500-1000 rpm, the power of such a generator is small, and it does not provide the proper current to charge the battery. This leads to the need to connect to the wind wheel through a gearbox or belt drive.
You can adjust the number of revolutions at wind speeds normal for your latitudes using the selection gear ratio or with the help of a properly designed wind turbine.
Helpful Hints
Perhaps the most convenient windmill mast design for repetition is shown in the picture. Such a mast is stretched on cables fixed to holders in the ground, which ensures stability.
Important: The height of the mast should be as high as possible, approximately 10 meters. At higher altitudes, the wind is stronger because there are no obstacles for it in the form of ground structures, hills and trees. Never install a wind generator on the roof of your house. Resonant vibrations of fastening structures can cause the destruction of its walls.
Take care of the reliability of the carrier mast, because the design of a windmill based on such a generator is much heavier and is already a rather serious solution that can provide autonomous power supply to a summer house with a minimum set of electrical appliances. Devices that operate on 220 Volts can be powered from a 12-220 V inverter. The most common version of such an inverter is.
It is better to use diesel generators, incl. trucks because they are designed to work on low revs. Average diesel engine large truck operates in the speed range from 300 to 3500 rpm.
Modern generators give out 12 or 24 volts, and a current of 100 amperes has long become normal. After carrying out simple calculations, you can determine that such a generator will give you a maximum of up to 1 kW of power, and a generator from a Zhiguli (12 V 40-60 A) 350-500 W, which is already a pretty decent figure.
What should be a wind wheel for a homemade wind turbine?
I mentioned in the text that the wind wheel should be large and with a large number of blades, in fact this is not the case. This statement was true for those micro-generators that do not claim to be serious electrical machines, but rather specimens for familiarization and leisure.
In fact, the design, calculation and creation of a wind turbine is a very difficult task. Wind energy will be used more rationally if it is made very accurately and the “aviation” profile is ideally displayed, while it must be installed with a minimum angle to the plane of rotation of the wheel.
The real power of wind wheels with the same diameter and different number of blades is the same, the difference is only in the speed of their rotation. The smaller the wings - the more revolutions per minute, with the same wind and diameter. If you are going to achieve maximum RPM, you must mount the wings as accurately as possible with a minimum angle to the plane of their rotation.
Check out the table from the 1956 book "Homemade Wind Farm" ed. DOSAAF Moscow. It shows the relationship between wheel diameter, power and rpm.
At home, these theoretical calculations are of little use, amateurs make wind wheels from improvised means, they use:
Sheets of metal;
Plastic sewer pipes.
You can assemble a high-speed 2-4-blade wind wheel with your own hands from sewer pipes, in addition to them, you need a hacksaw or any other cutting tool. The use of these pipes is due to their shape, after cutting they have a concave shape, which ensures high responsiveness to air flows.
After trimming, they are fixed with BOLTS on a metal, textolite or plywood blank. If you are going to make it from plywood, it is better to glue and twist several layers of plywood on both sides with screws, then you will be able to achieve rigidity.
Here is an idea for a two-bladed one-piece impeller for a stepper motor generator.
conclusions
You can make a wind power plant ranging from low power - units of watts, to power individual LED lamps, beacons and small equipment, to good power values in units of kilowatts, store energy in a battery, use it in its original form or convert up to 220 volts. The cost of such a project will depend on your needs, perhaps the most expensive element is the mast and batteries, it can be in the range of 300-500 dollars.
Creation of a wind generator does not necessarily mean the manufacture of a large and powerful complex capable of providing electricity to a whole house or group of consumers. You can make, which is, in fact, a working model of a serious installation. The purpose of such an event could be:
- Familiarization with the basics of wind energy.
- Joint learning activities with children.
- An experimental sample that precedes the construction of a large installation.
The creation of such a windmill does not require the use of a large amount of materials or tools, you can get by with improvised means. It is not necessary to count on the production of serious amounts of energy, but it may be enough to power a small LED lamp. The main problem that exists during creation is the generator. It is difficult to create it yourself, because the dimensions of the device are small. The easiest way is to use , allowing you to use it in generator mode.
Homemade windmill based on a stepper motor
Most often, when manufacture of low-power wind turbines use stepper motors. The peculiarity of their design is the presence of several windings. Usually, depending on the size and purpose, motors are made with 2, 4 or 8 windings (phases). When voltage is applied to them in turn, the shaft respectively rotates through a certain angle (step).
The advantage of stepper motors is the ability to produce a sufficiently large current at low rotational speeds. An impeller can be installed on the generator from a stepper motor without any intermediate devices - gears, gearboxes, etc. Electricity generation will be carried out with the same efficiency as other designs using overdrive gears.
The difference in speeds is very significant - to obtain the same result, for example, on a collector motor, a rotation speed of 10 or 15 times more will be required.
It is believed that using a generator from a stepper motor, you can charge batteries or batteries. mobile phones, but in practice, positive results are extremely rare. Basically, power supplies for small lamps are obtained.
The disadvantages of stepper motors include a significant effort required to start rotation. This circumstance reduces the sensitivity of the entire , which can be somewhat corrected by increasing the area and span of the blades.
You can find these motors in old floppy drives, scanners, or printers. Alternatively, you can purchase new engine if in stock desired device will not appear. For greater effect, larger motors should be chosen, they are capable of delivering a large enough voltage so that it can somehow be used.
Wind generator from parts from the printer
One of suitable options- using a stepper motor from the printer. It can be removed from a failed old device, each printer has at least two such motors. Alternatively, you can purchase a new one that has not been used. It is capable of generating power of about 3 watts even with light wind, typical for most regions of Russia. The voltage that can be reached is 12 V or more, which makes it possible to consider the device as a battery charging capability.
stepper motor produces alternating voltage. For the user, it is necessary first of all to straighten it. You will need to create a diode rectifier, which will require 2 diodes for each coil. You can also directly connect the LED to the coil terminals, with a sufficient rotation speed this is enough.
The rotor impeller is easiest to install directly on the motor shaft. To do this, it is necessary to make a central part that can fit tightly on the shaft. To strengthen the fixation of the impeller, it is necessary to drill a hole and cut a thread in it. Subsequently, a locking screw will be screwed into it.
For the manufacture of blades, polypropylene sewer pipes or other suitable materials are usually used. The main condition is low weight and sufficient strength, since the blades sometimes pick up quite a decent speed. The use of unreliable materials can create an undesirable situation where the impeller falls apart on the go.
blades
Usually 2 blades are made, but more can be made. It must be remembered that large blade area increases wind turbine KIEV, but in parallel with this, the frontal load on the impeller, which is transmitted to the motor shaft, increases. The manufacture of small blades is also not recommended, as they will not be able to overcome the sticking of the shaft at the start of rotation.
To be able to rotate the windmill around the vertical axis, you need to make a special knot. The difficulty in this lies in the need to ensure the immobility of the cable coming from the generator. Since the device has rather a decorative purpose, it is usually easier to approach the issue - the consumer is installed directly on the generator housing, excluding the presence of a long cable. Otherwise, you will have to mount a system like a brush collector, which is irrational and time consuming.
Mast
The assembled windmill must be installed at a height of at least 3 meters. Wind flows near the earth's surface have an unstable direction caused by turbulence. Climbing to some height will help to get more even flows. For self installation a tail stabilizer is installed into the wind along the axis of rotation, which plays the role of a weather vane. It is made from any piece of plastic, aluminum plate or other material at hand.
Every year people are looking for alternative sources. Homemade power plant from the old car generator It will come in handy in remote areas where there is no connection to the public network. She can charge freely rechargeable batteries, as well as ensure the operation of several household appliances and lighting. You decide where to use the energy, what will be generated, and also collect it with your own hands or purchase it from manufacturers, of which there are plenty on the market. In this article, we will help you figure out how to assemble a wind turbine with your own hands from the materials that any owner always has.
Consider the principle of operation of a wind power plant. Under a fast wind flow, the rotor and screws are activated, after which the main shaft starts to move, rotating the gearbox, and then generation occurs. As a result, we get electricity. Therefore, the higher the rotation speed of the mechanism, the greater the productivity. Accordingly, when locating structures, take into account the terrain, relief, and know the areas of the territories where the vortex speed is high.
Assembly instructions from a car generator
To do this, you will need to prepare all the components in advance. The most important element is the generator. It is best to take a tractor or bus, it is able to generate much more energy. But if this is not possible, then it is more likely to get by with weaker units. To assemble the device you will need:
voltmeter
relay battery charging
blade steel
12 volt battery
wire box
4 bolts with nuts and washers
clamps for fastening
Assembling a device for a 220v home
When everything you need is ready, proceed to the assembly. Each of the options may have additional details, but they are clearly specified directly in the manual.
First of all, assemble the wind wheel - the main structural element, because it is this part that will transform wind energy into mechanical energy. It is best that it has 4 blades. Remember that the smaller their number, the more mechanical vibration and the more difficult it will be to balance it. They are made from sheet steel or an iron barrel. They should wear a uniform not the same as you saw in the old mills, but reminiscent of the winged type. They have much lower aerodynamic drag and higher efficiency. After you use a grinder to cut out a windmill with blades with a diameter of 1.2-1.8 meters, you need to attach it, together with the rotor, to the generator axis by drilling holes and connecting with bolts.
Electrical circuit assembly
We fix the wires and connect them directly to the battery and voltage converter. It is required to use everything that at school in physics lessons you were taught to make when assembling electrical circuit. Before starting development, think about what kW you need. It is important to note that without subsequent alteration and rewinding of the stator, they are not at all suitable, the operating speed is 1.2 thousand-6 thousand rpm, and this is not enough for energy production. It is for this reason that it is required to get rid of the excitation coil. To raise the voltage level, rewind the stator with thin wire. As a rule, the resulting power will be at 10 m / s 150-300 watts. After assembly, the rotor will magnetize well, as if power was connected to it.
Rotary homemade wind turbines very reliable in operation and cost-effective, their only imperfection is the fear of strong gusts of wind. The principle of operation is simple - a whirlwind through the blades makes the mechanism spin. In the process of these intense rotations, energy is generated, the voltage you need. Such a power plant is a very good way to provide electricity to a small house, of course, its power will not be enough to pump water out of a well, but it is possible to watch TV or turn on the lights in all rooms with its help.
From a home fan
The fan itself may not be in working condition, but only a few parts are required from it - this is the stand and the screw itself. For the design, you need a small stepper motor soldered with a diode bridge so that it gives out constant voltage, a shampoo bottle, a plastic water tube about 50 cm long, a plug for it and a lid from a plastic bucket.
A sleeve is made on the machine and fixed in the connector from the wings of the disassembled fan. The generator will be attached to this sleeve. After fixing, you need to do the manufacture of the case. Cut off with a machine or in manual mode the bottom of a bottle of shampoo. During cutting, it is also required to leave a hole at 10 in order to insert an axis machined from an aluminum rod into it. Attach it with a bolt and nut to the bottle. After all the wires have been soldered, another hole is made in the body of the bottle to output these same wires. We stretch them and fix them in a bottle on top of the generator. They must match in shape and the bottle body must reliably hide all its parts.
Shank for our device
In order for it to catch wind currents from different directions in the future, assemble the shank using a pre-prepared tube. The tail section will be attached with a screw-on shampoo cap. A hole is also made in it and, after putting a plug on one end of the tube, they pull it out and fix it to the main body of the bottle. On the other hand, the tube is sawn through with a hacksaw and the shank wing is cut out with scissors from the lid of a plastic bucket, it should have a round shape. All you need to do is simply cut off the edges of the bucket that attached it to the main container.
On the back panel of the stand we attach USB output and put all the received parts into one. It will be possible to mount the radio or recharge the phone through this built-in USB port. Of course, it does not have strong power from a household fan, but it can still provide lighting for one light bulb.
DIY wind generator from a stepper motor
A device from a stepper motor, even at a low rotation speed, produces about 3 watts. The voltage can rise above 12 V, and this allows you to charge a small battery. As a generator, you can insert a stepper motor from the printer. In this mode, the stepper motor produces alternating current, and it can be easily converted to constant using several diode bridges and capacitors. You can assemble the scheme yourself. The stabilizer is installed behind the bridges, as a result we get a constant output voltage. To control visual tension, you can install an LED. In order to reduce the loss of 220 V, Schottky diodes are used to rectify it.
The blades will be made of PVC pipe. The workpiece is drawn on the pipe, and then cut out with a cutting disc. The span of the screw should be about 50 cm, and the width should be 10 cm. It is necessary to machine a sleeve with a flange to fit the size of the stepper shaft. It is mounted on the motor shaft and fastened with screws, plastic “screws” will be attached directly to the flanges. Also carry out balancing - pieces of plastic are cut off from the ends of the wings, the angle of inclination is changed by heating and bending. A piece of pipe is inserted into the device itself, to which it is also attached with bolts. As for the electrical board, it is better to place it below, and bring power to it. Up to 6 wires come out of the stepper motor, which correspond to two coils. They will require slip rings to transfer electricity from the moving part. Having connected all the parts together, we proceed to testing the design, which will start revolutions at 1 m / s.
Windmill from a motor-wheel and magnets
Not everyone knows that a wind generator from a motor-wheel can be assembled with your own hands in a short time, the main thing is to stock up on the necessary materials in advance. The Savonius rotor is best suited for it, it can be purchased ready-made or on its own. It consists of two semi-cylindrical blades and an overlap, from which the axes of rotation of the rotor are obtained. Choose the material for their product yourself: wood, fiberglass or PVC pipe, which is the simplest and most the best option. We make a junction of parts, on which you need to make holes for fastening in accordance with the number of blades. You will need a steel swivel mechanism so that the device can withstand any weather.
From ferrite magnets
A magnetic wind generator will be difficult to master for inexperienced craftsmen, but you can still try. So, there should be four poles, each will contain two ferrite magnets. They will be covered with metal linings a little less than a millimeter thick to distribute a more uniform flow. The main coils should be 6 pieces, wound with a thick wire and should be through each magnet, occupying a space corresponding to the length of the field. The fastening of the winding circuits can be on the hub from the grinder, in the middle of which a pre-turned bolt is installed.
The flow of energy supply is regulated by the height of the stator fixing above the rotor, the higher it is, the less sticking, respectively, the power decreases. For a windmill, you need to weld a support-rack, and fix 4 large blades on the stator disk, which you can cut out of an old metal barrel or a plastic bucket lid. At an average rotation speed, it produces up to about 20 watts.
The design of the windmill on neodymium magnets
If you want to know about the creation, you need to make the base of the car hub with brake discs, such a choice is quite justified, because it is powerful, reliable and well balanced. After you clean the hub of paint and dirt, proceed to the arrangement of neodymium magnets. They will need 20 pieces per disk, the size should be 25x8 millimeters.
Magnets must be placed, taking into account the alternation of the poles, before gluing it is better to create a paper template or draw lines dividing the disk into sectors so as not to confuse the poles. It is very important that they, standing opposite each other, be with different poles, that is, they are attracted. Glue them on with super glue. Raise the borders along the edges of the discs, and wrap tape or plasticine in the center to prevent spreading. In order for the product to work with maximum efficiency, the stator coils must be calculated correctly. An increase in the number of poles leads to an increase in the frequency of the current in the coils, due to this, the device, even at a low speed, gives more power. The coils are wound with thicker wires in order to reduce the resistance in them.
When the main part is ready, the blades are made, as in the previous case, and fixed to the mast, which can be made from an ordinary plastic pipe with a diameter of 160 mm. In the end, our magnetic levitation generator, with a diameter of one and a half meters and six wings, at 8m / s, is capable of providing up to 300 watts.
The price of disappointment or an expensive weather vane
Today, there are many options for how to make a device for converting wind energy, each method is effective in its own way. If you are familiar with the methodology for manufacturing energy-producing equipment, then it will not matter on the basis of what it is made, the main thing is that it meets the intended scheme and gives good power at the output.
A stepper motor is not only a motor that drives all kinds of devices (printer, scanner, etc.), but also a good generator! The main advantage of such a generator is that it does not need high speed. In other words, even at low speeds, the stepper motor generates a lot of energy. That is, a conventional bicycle generator requires initial revolutions until the lamp begins to shine with a bright light. This disadvantage disappears when using a stepper motor.
In turn, the stepper motor has a number of disadvantages. The main one is a large magnetic sticking.
Anyway. First we need to find a stepper motor. Here the rule works: The larger the engine, the better.
Let's start with the biggest one. I ripped it out of the plotter, it's such a big printer. The engine looks pretty big.
Before I show you the stabilization and power circuit, I want to show you the method of attaching to your bike.
Here is another version with a smaller engine.
I think each of you during the construction will choose the most suitable option for him.
Well, now it's time to talk about flashlights and power circuits. Of course, all lights are LED.
The rectification circuit is conventional: a block of rectifier diodes, a pair of high-capacity capacitors and a voltage regulator.
Usually there are 4 wires coming out of a stepper motor, corresponding to two coils. Therefore, there are two rectifier blocks in the figure.
